Abstract
The thermochemical copper-chlorine (Cu-Cl) cycle is a promising method of clean hydrogen production that involves three primary steps (hydrolysis, thermolysis and electrolysis) for the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen. The Cu-Cl cycle has been extensively examined in relation to nuclear based hydrogen production. This study explores potential diversification of the Cu-Cl cycle with other applications, particularly through integration with a petrochemical refinery, where demand exists for both oxygen (e.g., for oxy-combustion) and hydrogen (e.g., for hydrogenation processes) [1].

Where some refineries already integrate a steam Rankine cycle for local power and heat generation, this study further investigates the option of integrating a Cu-Cl cycle with a steam Rankine that serves a petrochemical refinery, with a flowsheet designed to increase the heat recovery and overall system efficiency. The generated oxygen is a feedstock for a cleaner oxy-combustion processes within the refinery, with environmental and energetic benefits, as it facilitates a direct carbon dioxide extraction. Hydrogen can be partially or totally used within the refinery for hydrogenation processes and producing refinery fuels, thereby bringing additional environmental benefits.

The study found that the hydrolysis process can be improved by staging the reactors, with the second stage being a fluidized bed. Application of oxyfuel combustion in the refinery is beneficial with the potential of direct carbon dioxide capture, while energizing thermolysis and hydrolysis units of operation in the Cu-Cl cycle. Integration of a steam Rankine cycle with the Cu-Cl cycle, oxy-fuel combustion loop and the petrochemical refinery was found to be beneficial as it facilitates better heat recovery and local power generation. The availability of cleaner hydrogen for petrochemical hydrogenation processes reduces fossil fuel usage and corresponding CO₂ emissions.

Biography
Dr. Greg Naterer is the Vice-President, Academic and Research, and a Professor of Sustainable Design Engineering, at the University of Prince Edward Island in Charlottetown, Canada. His research interests include sustainable energy systems, heat transfer and thermodynamics, including over 300 journal articles, 4 books, and 6 patents in these fields.

Abstract
Oyster farming is a key component of Mexico’s socioeconomic development, particularly in Baja California. It represents a productive model that balances economic growth with environmental sustainability—an essential goal amid ongoing climate change challenges. This study presents the first application of a SWOT analysis to assess the challenges and opportunities for the sustainable development of oyster farming in northwestern Mexico. Using both secondary sources (an exploratory literature review) and primary sources (interviews and workshops with experts and company decision-makers), this research evaluates the operational status of Ostrícola Nautilus S. de R.L. de C.V., a pioneer oyster farming company with over 40 years of experience. Ten strengths, nine weaknesses, ten opportunities, and seven threats were identified and categorized within a SWOT matrix. The analysis revealed that the company is strong but faces significant external threats, placing it within the “risk” quadrant (average score = 2.62). The study concludes that a continuous improvement strategy is necessary, emphasizing green technology, green recruitment, green rewards, green bonds, production, traceability, infrastructure, and workforce training. The findings provide a strategic planning baseline for the company and contribute to the broader development of oyster farming in Mexico.

Biography
Dr. Oscar Basilio Del Rio Zaragoza is a full researcher at the Oceanological Research Institute of the Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC). He holds a degree in Biology and a Master’s in Aquaculture from the Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), and a PhD in Science from the Center for Research in Food and Development (CIAD). Professor Del Rio Zaragoza has led and co-authored multiple research projects, trained undergraduate and graduate students, and published scientific contributions on your areas of specialization covering a wide range of topics related to sustainable aquaculture, analyzing the effects of different biotic and abiotic factors that may cause stress and affect the health and welfare of aquatic species

Abstract
Oyster farming is a key component of Mexico’s socioeconomic development, particularly in Baja California. It represents a productive model that balances economic growth with environmental sustainability—an essential goal amid ongoing climate change challenges. This study presents the first application of a SWOT analysis to assess the challenges and opportunities for the sustainable development of oyster farming in northwestern Mexico. Using both secondary sources (an exploratory literature review) and primary sources (interviews and workshops with experts and company decision-makers), this research evaluates the operational status of Ostrícola Nautilus S. de R.L. de C.V., a pioneer oyster farming company with over 40 years of experience. Ten strengths, nine weaknesses, ten opportunities, and seven threats were identified and categorized within a SWOT matrix. The analysis revealed that the company is strong but faces significant external threats, placing it within the “risk” quadrant (average score = 2.62). The study concludes that a continuous improvement strategy is necessary, emphasizing green technology, green recruitment, green rewards, green bonds, production, traceability, infrastructure, and workforce training. The findings provide a strategic planning baseline for the company and contribute to the broader development of oyster farming in Mexico.

Biography
Dr. Miroslava Vivanco Aranda is an industrial and systems engineer from the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM, Mexico), and a Master’s in Aquaculture from the Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), and a PhD in Science from the Center for Research in Food and Development (CIAD, Mexico). Professor Vivanco-Aranda is a full-time professor-researcher at the Marine Science Faculty of the Autonomous University of Baja California, and has led and co-authored multiple research projects, trained undergraduate and graduate students, and published scientific contributions on your areas of specialization covering a wide range of topics related to sustainable aquaculture, scenario planning and strategic marketing. She has also worked in the development of expert systems for strategic advantage in different organizations and supply chains.

Abstract
Oyster farming is a key component of Mexico’s socioeconomic development, particularly in Baja California. It represents a productive model that balances economic growth with environmental sustainability—an essential goal amid ongoing climate change challenges. This study presents the first application of a SWOT analysis to assess the challenges and opportunities for the sustainable development of oyster farming in northwestern Mexico. Using both secondary sources (an exploratory literature review) and primary sources (interviews and workshops with experts and company decision-makers), this research evaluates the operational status of Ostrícola Nautilus S. de R.L. de C.V., a pioneer oyster farming company with over 40 years of experience. Ten strengths, nine weaknesses, ten opportunities, and seven threats were identified and categorized within a SWOT matrix. The analysis revealed that the company is strong but faces significant external threats, placing it within the “risk” quadrant (average score = 2.62). The study concludes that a continuous improvement strategy is necessary, emphasizing green technology, green recruitment, green rewards, green bonds, production, traceability, infrastructure, and workforce training. The findings provide a strategic planning baseline for the company and contribute to the broader development of oyster farming in Mexico.

Biography
Dr. Mary Carmen Ruíz-de la Torre is a full-time professor at the Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC) with an M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Marine Ecology from the Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE). Her research focuses on harmful algal blooms (HABs), phytoplankton ecology, and the interactions between oceanographic processes and coastal ecosystems. She collaborates with regional and national monitoring programs, aquaculture and mariculture stakeholders, and research networks to strengthen the understanding of environmental drivers and support sustainable coastal resource management. Professor. Ruíz-de la Torre has led and co-authored multiple research projects, trained undergraduate and graduate students, and published scientific contributions on HAB dynamics and coastal sustainability.

Abstract

Ammonia (NH3) is the second most produced chemical in the world. The future fuel for marines transportation will be green ammonia.  Traditionally, hydrogen is produced from methane steam reforming. The reforming produces carbon dioxide.  Today any process that produces carbon dioxide is harmful to the environment and causes global warming. Global Green process sequesters the carbon dioxide contained in the atmosphere to produce nitrogen.  Hydrogen is produced via water electrolysis at moderate pressure and temperature conditions to ensure overall energy usage is reduced and high purity of hydrogen is obtained. The process shows the feasibility of a full-scale ammonia plant utilizing 100% renewable energy. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) presents a unique and promising advantage with its dispatchability to fulfill this necessity. Therefore, a hybrid CSP+PV solution can give the best cost solution power mix for the green ammonia industry.

Biography

Dr. Omar Chaalal is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at Abu Dhabi University (ADU). Dr. Chaalal is an internationally renowned expert in the separation technologies. He is the inventor of the Global Green  Process  of Triton AS Norway that deals with the sequestration of carbon dioxide and global warming reduction and green ammonia. He has undertaken several successful research projects related to CO2 cleaning in Natural Gas and subsequently two patents applications have been filed for the use of this technology. The benefits of these patents were, in addition to the environmental benefits, used in the treatment of large quantities of desalinated formation water in the oil field. Dr. Chaalal is the chief scientist of Triton Green Hydrogen Norway. He has authored around 150 refereed publications, 3 European patents, 2 US patent related to smart material in Enhance Oil Recovery and 200 presentations. , August (2017), Dr. Chaalal was awarded by the International Association of Advanced Materials (IAAM) a Medal for notable and outstanding research in Materials Science and Technology Stockholm Sweden. Dr. Chaalal was invited as keynote speaker in The Global Peace Conference held in Kenya June 2024.

Abstract
Concrete, a widely utilized material for constructing various structural elements, relies on cement in its manufacturing process. Cement production hurts the environment as it’s an energy-consume process that generates a considerable amount of carbon footprint, this influences water purity, vegetation vitality, and neighbouring communities’ well-being, causing environmental degradation; industrial operations added to air, water, and noise pollution intensify climate change and ecological imbalances. This study investigates the potential of incorporating waste glass into concrete to improve its mechanical properties and address environmental concerns. It examines the effects of different chemical compositions of glass powder on predicted outputs, such as compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. Factors including water-to-binder ratio, cement content, and glass powder replacement percentages are analyzed across various ranges. The study evaluates the impact of Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ content in glass powder and considers parameters such as fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, superplasticizers, and curing time. Results show a gradual reduction in compressive strength with an increasing Al₂O₃/Fe₂O₃ ratio while splitting tensile strength increases. Based on compressive strength measurements, a correlation model was developed to predict flexural strength. Multiple variables models were employed for output prediction, and various criteria were used to assess model performance.

Biography
Ms. Maryam is a master’s student in Construction Building Materials at Sulaimani University, Kurdistan, Iraq. Her research lies at the intersection of sustainable construction materials and environmental science. She is particularly focused on the innovative use of waste glass powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. This work addresses the urgent environmental challenges associated with the cement industry, notably its substantial contribution to global CO₂ emissions. By incorporating glass powder into concrete mixtures, Ms. Maryam aims to reduce the carbon footprint of construction practices while simultaneously enhancing the durability and performance of concrete structures. Her research contributes to the development of more eco-friendly building materials and supports the global movement toward sustainable construction.

Abstract
Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) is at the heart of sustainable city development, offering solutions to the environmental challenges of the future. The way UGI is configured and distributed within a city greatly impacts the ecosystem services that enhance urban life, making strategic planning and maintenance essential. This study delves into the UGI of Frankfurt am Main, Germany, exploring how land use (LU) and ownership sectors (private and public) dictate the structure and spatial arrangement of urban greenspaces.
By analyzing detailed vegetation cover data, categorized into height strata (grass, bush, tree), this research employs three key landscape metrics—vegetation fraction, patch area, and number of patches—to assess the UGI across different LUs and ownership types. The results reveal distinct vegetation patterns across LUs, identify ways to enhance ecosystem services through strategic green arrangements, and underscore the predominance of tree strata in the urban environment.
Notably, the study finds that the private sector contributes a significant 40% of the city’s vegetation cover, with LUs generally tied to specific ownership sectors. Differences in vegetation between private and public lands for similar LUs point to diverse management approaches.
The study highlights the need for an integrated approach that considers both function and ownership in urban planning. The UGI characterization offers a powerful tool for evaluating ecosystem service potentials, optimizing green space arrangements, and addressing maintenance challenges. Understanding the functional allocation of urban areas between private and public landowners is essential for developing targeted, cooperative, inclusive planning strategies.
This research not only provides a replicable model for UGI analysis but also opens the door for deeper exploration into the complex landscape of urban green management. While offering foundational insights, the study calls for further research to fully grasp the benefits and challenges of varying land use strategies. Such work is vital to support evidence-based green planning that aligns with the broader vision of sustainable urban development.

Biography
Ms. Alejandra Narváez Vallejo is a biologist with a strong commitment to the development of sustainable cities, holding degrees from the National University of Colombia, the Technical University of Dresden (MSc in Hydroscience and Engineering), and Lund University, Sweden (Master’s in Information Systems). Her academic background equips her with a robust foundation in ecology, plant systematics, physiology, soil science, and essential analytical tools, including remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Her research experience spans four major projects across Uzbekistan, West Africa, Central Asia, and Germany, focusing on sustainable natural resource management—encompassing water, agriculture, forests, and urban vegetation—as well as climate change. Notably, her involvement with the INTERESS project at the Institute for Landscape Planning and Ecology, University of Stuttgart, was pivotal in shaping her interest in sustainable cities. This project involved comprehensive studies on city-wide vegetation classifications and the planning of sustainable urban infrastructure. Additionally, she contributed to the development of Stuttgart’s digital twin and supported the organization of electric scooter transportation, reflecting her dedication to innovative urban planning and management. Currently, she is a researcher at IAvH in Bogotá, Colombia, where she concentrates on ecosystem analysis and synthesis.

Abstract
Hydrothermal solidification offers an effective, sustainable method for stabilizing clay soil, addressing environmental concerns while improving geotechnical properties. Facilitating pozzolanic reactions between lime and clay under controlled temperature and pressure significantly enhances compressive strength and soil durability. This process promotes calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) formation, reduces industrial waste, and supports lime reuse, making it an energy-efficient soil improvement approach. This study investigates the impact of lime addition (0–20%) and various chemical and physical parameters on clay soil compressive strength. Key chemical components include SiO₂ (20.1–76.9%), Al₂O₃ (7.6–34.8%), Fe₂O₃ (0.6–32.9%), CaO (0.1–43.5%), MgO (0–9.56%), Na₂O (0.01–2.8%), and K₂O (0.1–3.9%). Physical properties such as density (0.8–2.1 g/cm³), plasticity index (6–34.5%), and liquid limit (24–65.2%) were analyzed alongside process parameters like heating temperature (60–1000°C), curing time (0–120 days), and curing temperature (20–41°C). Compressive strengths ranged from 0.02 to 11.9 MPa.

Using a dataset of 152 samples divided into training and testing groups, the statistical analysis focused on the leaching coefficient (Lc) and silica-sesquioxide ratio (Kr). Lc emerged as the most significant factor, achieving an R² of 0.89 and an RMSE of 1.13 MPa. Increased Lc improved compressive strength through enhanced pozzolanic activity and density, while higher Kr values, indicating lower CaO availability, yielded limited strength gains. Lc consistently outperformed Kr and other chemical compositions in enhancing clay soil compressive strength.

Keywords: Expansive Clay Soil, Lime, Hydrothermal Solidification, Chemical Composition, Leaching Coefficient, Silica-Sesquioxide Ratio.

Biography
Dr. Ahmed Salih Mohammed is an Associate Professor of Civil Engineering at both the University of Sulaimani (College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department) and the American University of Iraq, Sulaimani (Engineering Department). He holds a Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from the University of Houston, TX, USA (2010–2014), where he also completed his postdoctoral research in 2016. He earned his M.Sc. in Civil Engineering from the University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq (2003) and a B.Sc. in Building and Construction Engineering from the same university in 2000. Dr. Mohammed is a prolific researcher with over 270 publications and more than 10,900 citations, boasting an h-index of 62. His research expertise spans nanotechnology, geotechnical engineering, drilling engineering, rock mechanics, material characterization, smart materials, rheology, grouting, fracture mechanics, cement mortar, concrete technology, geopolymer, and modeling. Recognized as one of Iraq’s top researchers, Dr. Mohammed was ranked the number-one researcher in construction and building materials from 2021 to 2023, according to the Scopus database. He was also named among the World’s Top 2% Scientists by Stanford University and Elsevier in 2020, 2021, and 2024. His exceptional contributions earned him the Most Active Researcher Award from the Ministry of Higher Education – KRG and the University of Sulaimani in 2019. That same year, he was recognized as the most active researcher in Kurdistan, Iraq, out of 30 universities. Dr. Mohammed plays a significant role in the academic publishing community, serving as a reviewer for over 40 international journals and as a guest editor and academic editor for five journals with impact factors of 5.3, 3.9, and 3.24. Additionally, he currently chairs the Certificate Committee of the ACI-Kurdistan Chapter (since 2023). His pioneering work continues to influence the fields of civil engineering and material science, making him a leading figure in Iraqi and international research communities.

Abstract
In the Huasteca region of Mexico, certain food plant species have been neglected due to public policies that have reduced support for family agriculture and favored the commercialization of processed and ultra-processed foods. It is important to identify and characterize these underutilized food plant species in the context of climate change and food and nutritional poverty. A survey was conducted among 45 participants in four rural localities, and field visits were carried out. The data obtained were analyzed thematically and through descriptive statistics. The study area is experiencing a progressive abandonment of species, resulting in a loss of germplasm and the traditional knowledge that underlies it. The reintroduction of these species into agroecosystems can be achieved by incorporating them into the local culinary practices. This will promote the resilience of agroecosystems and contribute to the food and nutritional security of society. abandonment of species, resulting in a loss of germplasm and the traditional knowledge that underlies it. The reintroduction of these species into agroecosystems can be achieved by incorporating them into the local culinary practices. This will promote the resilience of agroecosystems and contribute to the food and nutritional security of society.

Biography
Dr. Fernando Barrios studied the International Baccalaureate at United World College Costa Rica, graduating in May 2020. He received his Bachelor of Arts in International Political Economy and Theater from The College of Idaho in the United States in May 2024. Fernando was awarded a grant to develop a “Davis Project for Peace” focused on the preservation of indigenous midwives in La Huasteca, Mexico, during the summer of 2024. He has participated in multiple projects in collaboration with Mexican higher education institutions for the conservation of traditional knowledge about underutilized, medicinal, and edible plants. He is currently enrolled in a one-year course on French Studies: Language and Culture at the University of Caen, Normandy.

Abstract
This presentation surveys Sir Ben Okri’s 2023 Tiger Work through an ‘aesthetics of necessity’ prism as deduced not only from its dedication to “those who love the world enough to fight for it,” but also from the book’s mystical Blakean intertext, the final lines of which ponder the Tyger’s creation. I propose that the urgent apocalyptic thrust and ecocritical underpinning of this multimodal, interdisciplinary collection of essays, poems, parables, stoku [an amalgam of Japanese Haiku and flash fiction], an epistle and allegorical short stories inform Okri’s narrative stance in his treatment of environmental science and the ambiguities of reality. I adopt an eco-critical lens that studies literature and the environment from an interdisciplinary viewpoint; where all sciences come together to analyse the environment and to brainstorm possible solutions for the correction of contemporary environmental chaos, while cognizant of causal laws of science, on the one hand, and the intentionality and consciousness of art, on the other. My argument references two works of Stephen O’Leary (‘Apocalyptic Argument and the Anticipation of Catastrophe: The Prediction of Risk and the Risk of Prediction’ 1997 and Arguing the Apocalypse: A Theory of Millennial  Rhetoric 1998); Arne Naess (Ecology of Wisdom 2008); and Michael Chapman (Literary Transactions in South Africa 2025).
Of necessity, too, I adopt a phenomenological ecocritical approach to critical environmental issues, such as water scarcity, climate change, global warming, deforestation, and reading for meaning that fall under the conceptual carapace of Okri’s “existential creativity” within the overriding theme of conservation. I conclude by citing lines from four of Okri’s 2021 A Fire in My Head poems−  “Finding the Present,” “closed. still open” and “Notre Dame is Telling Us Something,”and climaxing with “Grenfell Tower, June 2017”− in illustration of his penetrating engagement with environmental issues and his ardent plea for change.

Biography
Dr. Rosemary Alice Gray is a BA, Senior Teachers Diploma (UCT); BA Honours, MA cum laude, Dlitt.et Phil. (Unisa). Rosemary is Emeritus Professor in the Department of English at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. She is a rated researcher, specializing in Anglo-Saxon, Middle English and Pan-African texts. Her current research interest is the work of Ben Okri, and she has written or presented over fifty papers on Okri’s oeuvre, plus a Bloomsbury Academic monograph entitled, The Tough Alchemy of Ben Okri: The writer as conceptual artist.

Like Sir Ben Okri, she had planned to become a scientist, but fate dictated that she studied languages (French, Latin, German, Anglo-Saxon and Middle English). Growing up in East Africa, she perforce added Kiswahili, and returning to South Africa, Afrikaans. She has pursued her scientific bent by marrying a scientist, a Geo-Chemist; is a Fellow of the International Eskom Exco for Young Scientists and former Board Member of EEYS and Le Mouvement International pour le loisire scientifique et technologique (MILSET), adjudicating the annual UP Dr Derek Gray Gold Medal Award and the Dr Meiring Naude Gold Medal Award (for the Top Young Scientists).

She is Honorary Life Vice President of the English Academy of Southern Africa and Managing Editor of the English Academy Review:  A Journal of English Studies.
Her book publications include Broken Strings: The Politics of Poetry and Sounding Wings: Short Stories from Africa (with Stephen Finn, Longmans), A Tribute to JRR Tolkien (Unisa Press), Light Comes Out of the Darkness: The History of Expo for Young Scientists (OUP); A Glass Half Full or Half Empty? The Challenges of Political Succession and Elections in Africa (Ssali pubs.); Commemorative Snapshots: Recalibrating Our Blue Diamond (Ssali) and Hunger for the Light: The Challenges of an African Life  (Unisa Press).

Abstract
In recent years, several strategies have been developed and adopted in a bid to manage the biofuel supply chain. In this paper, a two-stage optimization model is proposed for integrated microalgae biofuel supply chain network design and superstructure optimization problems. In the first stage, the design of the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) network is taken into account. A robust mixed integer linear programming (RMILP) model is proposed to optimize the strategic CCUS decisions, including the simultaneous selection of emission sources, capture facilitates, CO₂ pipelines, intermediate transportation sites and storage sites, or microalgae cultivation sites. The second stage is dedicated to biorefinery superstructure optimization in order to determine the optimal/promising biorefinery configurations. The presented model is able to handle the inherent uncertainty of critical input parameters. Moreover, the results show that biodiesel production cost cannot compete with current diesel price, but it can be reduced significantly by improving biomass productivity.

Biography
Dr. Setayesh Shirazaki Currently, looking for a PhD position. She have completed my bachelor’s degree in industrial engineering from Shahid Beheshti University. Later on, she completed a master’s degree in the field of Supply Chain and Logistics Engineering as a major under Master of Industrial Engineering from Iran University of Science & Technology (IUST). Besides that, while studying for my master’s degree, She started working for Dana System Company of Dana Energy Group, a giant in oil exploration and oilfield services, as an IFS specialist. Afterward, She pursued my career at Petropars, a specialized company for financing mega projects in the oil and gas industry, as a SAP specialist. Right now, this is my current client.

Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is a major environmental and ecological threat worldwide, posing significant challenges. Excessive accumulation of heavy metals like cadmium in the environment poses significant risks to the environment and human health, particularly in regions with industrial activities and insufficient waste management practices. In this study, we focused on optimizing bacterial consortia composed of Aeromonas hydrophila and Psychrobacter nivimaris for efficient removal of cadmium from contaminated environments, with specific emphasis on areas near the Cochin backwater system in Kerala, India. Sampling conducted at Sreebhoothapuram and Eloor Ferry Kadavu stations near Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore (FACT) revealed these sites as having significant cadmium accumulation. Bacterial strains isolated from these stations exhibited notable resistance to cadmium, with levels reaching up to 40 mg/l and these strains maintained similar growth conditions, making them good candidates for constructing a bacterial consortium. The Cd-resistant bacteria were characterized and identified as Aeromonas hydrophila and Psychrobacter nivimaris. Through a synergetic approach, a consortium comprising two bacterial strains from different combinations obtained from these stations demonstrated promising cadmium resistance, reaching up to 60 mg/l. Mixture design optimization facilitated the determination of an optimal ratio (Aeromonas hydrophila: Psychrobacter nivimaris) = (0.329:0.671) for maximum removal efficiency. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of both individuals and the consortium revealed morphological changes, such as modifications in the cell wall, shape, and size of the bacteria, that occur during the absorption of Cd (II). The efficiency of the optimized consortium was validated through Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, achieving an impressive removal percentage of 96.5% for a real wastewater sample with a Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of less than 10%. This study underscores the potential of tailored bacterial consortia as effective bioremediation agents for Cd-contaminated environments, particularly in regions with elevated cadmium levels like the Cochin backwater system in Kerala.

Biography
Dr. Athira V M is a Biotechnologist with real-world experience working in a Biopharmaceutical company. She is a postgraduate expertise in Medical Law and Ethics, ensuring a thorough understanding the perspective that combines scientific innovation with ethical and legal considerations. Her contributions to the field of Environmental Biotechnology research with a particular emphasis on Bioremediation, are showcased at an International Conference on Materials, Health and Energy. Her integrative approach highlights how Environmental Biotechnology can enhance public health, sustainability and innovation when guided by ethical and legal principles. She holds certifications in Bioenergy from IIT Kanpur and Bioengineering from IIT Bombay. She had been invited to TED Circle for her insightful remarks on socially relevant subjects.

Abstract
The European Association of National Metrology Institutes (EURAMET) is a regional organization that coordinates and promotes collaboration among the national metrology institutes (NMIs) of European countries. These institutes are responsible for ensuring accurate, reliable measurements in science, industry, and commerce. EURAMET helps harmonize measurement standards, facilitates joint research projects, and promotes the development and dissemination of measurement science and technologies. The European Partnership on Metrology (EPM) is a collaborative initiative launched as part of the Horizon Europe framework to advance measurement science (metrology) across Europe. Aims to strengthen Europe’s capabilities in measurement science, which is essential for scientific research, industrial innovation, and regulatory compliance.

The Reference Gas Laboratory (LGR), part of National Metrology Institute (NMI) at the Portuguese Institute for Quality (IPQ) plays an important role in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of gas measurements in Portugal. Its primary function is to produce and certify reference gas mixtures and provide calibration services to industries and laboratories that require gas compositions with high accuracy. The laboratory supports metrological traceability, ensuring that measurements related to gases conform to internationally recognized standards. This laboratory also collaborates in international metrology projects, contributing to the advancement of gas metrology and the development of new measurement techniques. One of these projects is MetCCUS – Metrology support for Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, that plays a crucial role in developing the measurement science needed to ensure that Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technologies can be deployed effectively, accurately monitored, and integrated into global climate strategies. This project supports the broader effort to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate climate change.

As part of the MetCCUS project, the contribution of the LGR involves the preparation of Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) to enable the measurement of impurities in CO₂ with metrological traceability. This provides essential support for method validation and the calibration of instruments used in carbon capture processes. LGR has prepared several bicomponent and multicomponent mixtures with different impurities in a CO₂ matrix. These gas mixtures were characterized and performed interferences and stability studies.

This project is an example of how metrology, as measurement science, can contribute to the environmental monitoring and give support to technological challenges toward a more sustainable future.

Biography
Dr. Carlos Costa holds a degree in Physics and Chemistry at University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro and a postgraduate degree in Physical Engineering at Lisbon University, in Portugal. He has been working at the National Metrology Institute in Metrology Department of the Portuguese Institute for Quality, IPQ, since 2017. He is responsible for the Breath Analysers domain and, within the scope of the Reference Gas Laboratory, participates in several international projects and networks, namely MetCCUS – Metrology support for Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, European Metrology Network for Energy Gases and European Metrology Network for Pollution Monitoring.

Abstract
The present study utilized the Cooperative Program on Pine Research in Brazil (PPPIB) experiment to investigate the development of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and Pinus taeda grown under two fertilization regimes (fertilized and control treatments). Fertilized plots received fertilization at two stages: in the first year of tree growth with a mix of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and micronutrients, and a mid-rotation application (7 years later) of NPK fertilizer. Forty-eight trees, aged 11 years, were selected (12 per treatment, with three replicates per plot), and wood cores (four samples per tree) were collected using a Pressler increment borer. The growth, climate-growth relation, and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) of the trees were assessed by a combined analysis of cross-sectional area (CSA) increment, water balance and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ¹³C ‰). The effect of fertilization on tree growth regime was assessed using inventory data collected yearly over 8 years. Additionally, monthly data of wood increments, monitored in non-fertilized stands over a period of 6 years, were utilized for correlations with meteorological variables (air temperature, rainfall, vapor pressure deficit, solar radiation and potential and actual evapotranspiration). The growth of P. caribaea and P. taeda was strongly influenced by multiple meteorological variables related to water availability and evapotranspiration. Carbon isotope analysis revealed that fertilized trees exhibited higher Δ¹³C values in some years, indicating improved water uptake efficiency due to increased nutrient availability, which enhanced photosynthetic performance. Pinus caribaea outperformed P. taeda in wood productivity and exhibited a heightened responsiveness to fertilization. In general, P. caribaea was shown to be more water-use efficient than P. taeda, as it is able to use smaller amounts of water for greater wood production. The study’s outcomes provide valuable guidance for managing tree plantations and adopting sustainable practices, particularly as climate change and increasing droughts demand greater resilience in wood production.

Biography
Dr. Deborah Santos is a Forest Engineering graduate from the Federal University of Goiás (UFG), with a Master’s and PhD in Forest Resources from the University of São Paulo (USP). Her career focuses on the complex interplay between climate change and forestry. Her specialize in Silviculture and Forest Management, with expertise in tree growth, productivity, and ecophysiology. She use isotope techniques, including δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C, to assess plant nutrition and enhance water and nutrient use efficiency. Her work also encompasses studies on wood quality, bioenergy, cellulose pulp, and dendrochronology. Additionally, She involved in carbon market initiatives and sustainability solutions, focusing on Forest Restoration, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD), the Climate, Community and Biodiversity Alliance (CCBA), and solid waste management with an emphasis on bioenergy.

Abstract
‘Smart Cities’ was a concept which gained momentum between 2010 to 2015 to promote effective and efficient urban development addressing infrastructure, governance, social and environmental issues of Cities. It brought forth the multidimensional challenges of urban areas and a need to have a sustained effort – some places it becomes Climate Smart development or Smart Mobility and so on; but the effort to have a focused effort in improving the liveability of the urban areas is still an area of continuous engagement of City Planners and Managers. The SDG goals have acknowledged this and have outlined the targets to be addressed by its Goal 11 to be achieved by 2030. Covid 19 has brought yet another dimension to these efforts – the sudden and quick spread of virus triggered diseases which can put standstill all development efforts. It is time to put health – human and health of other living organisms that share the space of the city at centre stage.

The city serves as a catalyst for innovation, trade, arts, research, efficiency, societal advancement, and financial growth. It is imperative that sustainable development in urban settings addresses urban design, transportation infrastructure, water supply, waste disposal, disaster management, information accessibility, education, and the development of skills and abilities.

At a time when urbanization is on the rise, it is imperative to develop cities that promote the health and well-being of its residents. The concept of a healthy city goes beyond physical environments to encompass communities that prioritize the holistic health of their residents by providing health care access, safe public spaces, and avenues for residents to engage in their community. The World Health Organization defines a healthy city as “one that is continually creating and improving physical and social environments and expanding community resources which enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and developing to their maximum potential.” This study examines the concepts of Healthy Cities, Smart Cities, and Sustainable Development Goals and provides a framework for integrating health into urban planning.

Biography
Dr. Jwngma is a multifaceted professional, PhD scholar, and expert in environmental planning and data visualization. With a deep commitment to sustainable development and urban planning, he is currently conducting doctoral research on the “Implication of Land Use Zoning on Air Quality.” Over the years, he has worked on numerous high-impact projects, including environmental management plans, smart city assessments, and air quality improvement initiatives. He has been a consultant and project associate for various prestigious institutions, including the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, the National Mission for Clean Ganga, and U.P. Tourism. His expertise also extends to designing extensions and products for software like ArcGIS and Google Earth Engine, as well as teaching GIS and Remote Sensing at the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, where he is also a teaching assistant.

Abstract
Mineral processing, used for more than a century to extract valuable paymetals from mined ore, has been an imperfect science for a long time.  However, its flowsheet development capabilities have advanced considerably in the last two decades in its ability to deliver robust, sustainable designs that successfully commission into production.  This advancement has come about principally because of the development of the hybrid discipline Process Mineralogy, which integrates best practice sampling, quantitative and compositional mineralogy, flotation electrochemistry, and mineral processing.  This platform has undergone several generations of improvement thanks to cross-training, the invention of new equipment, and advancement of laboratory methods. The track record of projects managed using this platform consistently shows attainment of a higher percentage of the metallurgical performance entitlement at an earlier stage of commissioning of the project into production.  Application of the same platform to existing operations has also shown to be successful, with retrofits in both equipment and reagent strategies delivering sustainable marginal gains in grade and recovery.  This paper discusses the structure of the platform and some case studies.

Biography
Dr. Norman founded Flowsheets Metallurgical Consulting Inc. in 2016, for which he is President and Consulting Engineer, based in Sudbury, Ontario.  He holds a B.Sc. in Pure and Applied Science from Natal University, an M.Sc. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Cape Town, and a Ph.D. in Metallurgical Engineering from McGill University.  His career started in Rustenburg Platinum Mines Limited, South Africa, where he worked as Manager of the Divisional Metallurgical Laboratory.  He moved to Falconbridge/Xstrata/Glencore in Sudbury in 1997, where he led the development of a hybrid Process Mineralogy team towards improved flowsheet development techniques, and their use of these in several projects such as Raglan, Montcalm, Nickel Rim South, Eland Platinum, and Ivanhoe’s Kamoa-Kakula project.  He was awarded Distinguished Lecturer by the CIM in 2010 for these developments.  He is a Fellow of both the IOM3, London, and of the SAIMM, Johannesburg. He was presented with the Fray International Sustainability award in 2017 by Flogen in recognition of the development of Process Mineralogy for sustainable flowsheet development.   Sampling, laboratory quality control, flotation electrochemistry and flotation testing are his special interests.

Abstract
The authors methodically optimize a distributed energy resource in terms of the production, management, utilization, and/or transaction of renewable energies during the deployment process. They discover a mathematical theoretical model that allows users to arrive at three critical output functions, including output power, energy economy, and carbon footprint. The model delivers three eigenstates derived by a power utility matrix (PUM) model. PUM transforms three-input parameters (3i) into three-output functions (3o) through 3i3o-transformation. The PUM model is ubiquitous, and its systematic characterization is discussed. Moreover, they discover a mathematical conversion relationship between energy generation and carbon emissions. Therefore, various case-studies are conducted to demonstrate the optimal energy resource utilization. Furthermore, an energy blockchain approach is employed for microgrid design, development, and carbon reduction. Finally, the authors demonstrate the energy matter (such as CO2) conversion relationship that can be valuable in order to reduce carbon emissions for energy production. The beta factor of carbon emissions drops to 0.225 kg/kWh for carbon peak state and to zero for carbon neutrality state.

Biography
Dr. A. Jerry Jin has been a full professor focused on the renewable energies in Ningbo University, China, and he also serves as a Chief Scientist of China Huaneng Group, China. He has earned his PhD in Physics from University of Minnesota. He has extensive research experience in EE, material science, and applied physics. Jerry has held positions in premier universities/ institutes/ companies such as NASA, Case Western Reserve University, and Applied Materials, USA. Moreover, he is a chief technology officer in a startup company who has managed RnD projects globally of several million dollars in budget. He is a well-known published author including many top journals with totally over a hundred scientific works in both Science and Nature portfolio.

Abstract
A multiproxy methodology was employed to delineate pollution sources and assess ecological risks along the margins of Guanabara Bay (GB; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) shortly after a significant oil spill in 2018 attributed to a Local Oil Refinery. A total of 33 samples of surface sediments were analyzed for granulometry, geochemical profile, heavy metals, total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen and its stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N), Rock-Eval pyrolysis parameters (REPP) and a set of other physicochemical metrics. The investigation revealed pronounced metal contamination in approximately 85% of the sites surveyed, emphasizing Cd in percolated water (Cd_W) and Cd, Pb, and Hg in the organic matrix of sediments (CdOM, Pb_OM, Hg_OM). Furthermore, implementing a Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixture Model (BSIMM) through the signals of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N was crucial to identifying the presence and origin of the oil in the analyzed samples. The BSIMM results were corroborated by the REPP results, affirming its effectiveness in tracking the presence and provenance of PAHs in sediments. Furthermore, BSIMM and Cluster Analysis identified a pattern based on sediment probable composition, grouping sampling stations into three clusters. The composition of the organic matrix was then effectively associated with geographic typologies and potential polluting sources such as domestic sewage and industrial discharges. TOC analyses pointed out widespread eutrophication, with a notable discrepancy in GB’s eastern margin, where high concentrations of metals prevailed despite the proximity to the marine environment, signaling potential risks to marine life and human health. The use of isotopic signals to track sources of organic matter is already well-established in ecological studies. However, applying isotopic models based on proportions and probabilities (Monte Carlo Method) to detect oil spills is a novel approach. This methodology also has applicability in exploring natural oil exudations and in preventive monitoring of oil and mineral exploration. The need for additional studies, the compilation of a database containing the isotopic signatures of several oils, and free access to this data are essential to increase the model’s accuracy. This study highlights the need for more investments in environmental policies to mitigate ecological liabilities in Guanabara Bay. It also highlights the crucial role of innovative analytical tools in interpreting biogeochemical data.

Biography
Dr. Thaise M. Senez-Mello received a Ph.D. degree in Marine Biogeochemistry (2019) and MSc. in Marine MicroBiology (2014), both from Universidade Federal Fluminense – UFF, Niterói, Brasil. She graduated in Biological Sciences (2012) from FaMTh, Niterói, Brasil. In 2020, she joined the Post-graduation Programm as a post-doc researcher on Oceans and Earth Dynamics (UFF). In 2022, she joined the MicroPaleontology Laboratory from Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Brasil, where she started a new postdoc research on investigating marine pollution by multiproxy approach. In 2023, she started a collaboration with the Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira IEAPM, Brazilian Navy, Arraial do Cabo, RJ, where her main job was to aid postgraduation students dealing with statistics, translations, and submition process issues. She is currently working on biomonitoring marine pollution at UERJ supported by the Postgraduation Development Programm. She works on environmental aspects of oil and gas exploitation, seep hunting and ultra-deep benthonic ecology. Yet, contributes as associate reviewer in Frontiers in Marine Science (Marine Pollution), Frontiers in Environmental Science (Toxicology, Pollution, and the Environment), Environmental Science and Pollution Research (SpringerNature), and Applied Life Sciences International, Scientific Ambassador in Translation & Innovation Hub, Imperial College, London. Dra. Thaise is an Honorary Member of the Council of Rosalind Members (London Journals Press, UK); was honored by the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, Arts, History, and Literature (ABRASCI) with the Academic Merit Necklace occupying the chair number 80 (Biological Science Concil). Translator, proofreader, and independent submission agent for multidisciplinary scientific journals. Professor of “Text mining – RapidMiner” of the MBA in “Data Science” at Universidade Federal Fluminense.